Role of Nanomaterials in Li-Ion Battery Development: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract

The increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy systems, and portable electronics has accelerated the advancement of energy storage technologies, especially lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Despite the preference for LIBs owing to their elevated energy density, prolonged cycle life, and efficiency, enhancements in their design are necessary to get improved performance, safety, and cost-effectiveness. The performance metrics of lithium-ion batteries, including energy density, charge-discharge rates, and cycle life, exhibit significant potential for enhancement through the incorporation of nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and silicon nanoparticles. Nanostructured silicon anodes possess a theoretical capacity of up to 4200 mAh/g, approximately tenfold that of conventional graphite anodes. Nanosizing lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathodes enhances their stability and energy density. This paper analyses the present condition of incorporating nanomaterials into lithium-ion batteries, addressing the prospects for practical implementation alongside the challenges of stability and scalability. The findings indicate that while numerous advantages are linked to nanomaterials, the transition to large-scale production necessitates innovative synthesis methods and robust integration strategies.